Short & Long Questions
Q1:
Define and describe the concept of a system. Explain the fundamental components, Objectives, environment and methods of communication within a system.
Concept of System
The idea of a system a useful to explain both external reality as well as the internal one and information system is simply and organized set of components that are coordinator to perform a designated function.
Objectives
Every system has a purpose or a goal that is wishes to fulfill. Analyzing a system’s operation required understanding its aim. This insight improves efficiency and efficacy of the present system.
Components
Components are the building blocks of any system each component place a specific roll and contribute to the overall functionality of the system understanding of the role of each component of the system is essential to understand how the entire system works help in identifying problems improving performance and refining system design.
Environment
Everything extranet to the system that interacts with it consist of all external factors that affect the systems operation understanding the environment of a system is important as in influences the systems performance and behavior by providing input and receiving output intelligent system adjust to changes and their environment continue their functionality.
System interaction
System constantly interacts with their environment through inputs and outputs
for example, a weather monitoring system receives that are from environment census and provide the current situation of the weather and future forecast to the user and a computer system computer the internet and communication like printed and scanner and a biological system animals interact with plants and other animals farming the food chain.
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Qno2: differentiate between natural and artificial system. Discuss their characteristics, functions, and purpose with relevant examples.
Natural System:
Natural Systems are those that exist in nature and operate independently of human involvement.
they are organized by natural laws and process.
natural systems are of various forms and sizes from very tiny objects like atoms and cells in our body to very huge like forest oceans and the cosmos.
Artificial systems:
Artificial systems are created and development by people so that they may full certain functions or address certain issues. These systems can be a small as a wheel or at last as a United Nation.
Each system is designed very deliberately to perform a task, improve the efficiency of the processes and provide solutions to various issues in different sectors.
Artificial systems are vital part of contemporary suicide because productivity.
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Qno. 4
Explore the different types of computing systems such as computers software systems computer networks and the internet?
Answer:
Computing system
Computer system is a structured set of hardware and software components specifically designed for data processing and the performance of various operations. These systems can range from simple technological tool such, as calculators used for performing mathematical calculation to complex network of linked computer.
Hardware
Hardware of a computer system refers to the tangible components of the systems these include the central processing unit random Access memory storage devices and input and output device.
Software
Software refers to the collection of instructions that dictate the requirements and actions that hardware must perform. There exits two primary categories. system software and application software encompass the operating system and utility applications responsible for managing the computer resources such as Windows Linux distribution.
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Qno5: Describe the main characteristics of a computer as a system including its objectives components and interactions among these components
Answer:
A computer is a complex system designed to process that and perform task according to the set of instructions
Objectives
The main objective of a computer is to perform computations, process data and execute different task efficiently. For example a personal computers objective is to run software application such as a word processor and web browser.
Components
A computer composed of men essential components that operate in conjunction so these components include
Interface components
Interface components refer to the fundamental parts of the computer system including input devices such as the keyboard and mouse which allow users to interact with the computer.
Processing components
The processing components of a computer consists of the CPU which act as a central processing unit responsible for computer computations and executing commands
Random Access memory is a transient storage that stores data and instructions for the safety whereas storage is a permanent storage for data and software needed for the processing.
Operating system is responsible for receiving information from interface components and determining that appropriate action to take.
Application software refers to the program, that are executed by the operating system memory required to perform one or more specific task.
Communication components
Communication components in a computer referred to the physical elements that provide communication between different components of the computer.
In Computer the motherboard serves as a primary circuit board that interconnects all components by using cable and circuits.
A system bus is a collection of electrically conductive cable that transmit data between the CPU and all other interconnected components
Interactions amongst components
The components of computer interact with each other to perform task
User action or input: you double click on a file icon using your mouse or press a key combination to enough file
Input device: The mouse or keyboard stands a signal to the computer indicating that you want to open a file.
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Qno6:
Explain the Von Neumann architecture of a computer included discussion on the main components their functions and the step by step process of architecture operators.
Answer:
The one Von Neumann architecture is a computer paradigm that a system in which the hardware of the computer has four primary components the memory the central processing unit input mechanism and output mechanism. This model is called the John Von Newman model the new model named in the honour of the mathematician and physicist who contributed to development during 1940.
Components:
Memory
Memory contains both input data and instructions required for CPU processing. For instance, consider the RAM of your computer where a program starts it is loaded into the RAM to enable fast execution compared to when it runs from the hard disc.
Central processing unit
CPU performs addition and subtraction and executes commands provided by the memory the system has two components arithmetic logic unit and control unit.
A control unit is a peripheral that governs the activities of the CPU and instructing the alu and memory textbook task according to the program instruction.
Arithmetic logic unit
Arithmetic logic nut handles the numerical values while the control unit supervises the whole procedure.
Input devices
Input devices unable users to input data and instructions into the computer system. illustrative examples include keyboard, mouse and microphone.
Output devices
Output devices present or communicate the outcomes of the task executed by the computer.
System bus is a communication mechanism that facilitate the movement of data between components and inside a computational system it comprises.
Data bus
Address bus
Control bus